Category: 政策法规

Regulatory

  • 巴西医疗器械耗材分类标准

    巴西医疗器械耗材分类标准

    根据巴西ANVISA 的 RDC Nº 751, DE 15 DE SETEMBRO DE 2022, 巴西医疗器械分为4个等级

    I – Classe I: baixo risco; 1类,低风险

    II – Classe II: médio risco; 2类,中风险

    III – Classe III: alto risco; 3 类,高风险

    IV – Classe IV: máximo risco. 4类, 极高风险。1类注册为备案, Notificação, 按照要求提交文件,不需要ANVISA审批。注册证长期有效。2 类为 登记 cadastro, 提交文件,需要ANVISA审核。注册证长期有效。3类和4类,需要先获得ANVISA颁发的GMP证书,缴纳GMP费用约10万人民币/2年 (MDSAP为4年)。GMP获批后,才会批准产品注册。注册需要提交更复杂的文件,注册证有效期10年。以下是分类标准原文和中文注释。 同时可以参考同类竞品的分类标准。

    Regra 1

    原文:
    All non-invasive devices are classified in class I unless one of the following rules is applied. 
    中文:
    所有非侵入性器械默认归类为低风险 I 类,除非受后续规则约束。 


    Regra 2

    原文:
    Non-invasive devices intended for conduction or storage of blood, body fluids, cells, tissues, liquids or gases for perfusion, administration or introduction into the body are class II… (with exceptions). 
    中文:
    所有用于输送或储存血液、体液、细胞、组织、液体或气体以供灌注/给药/引入人体的非侵入性器械归入中等风险 II 类(有特殊例外情况)。 


    Regra 3

    原文:
    Non-invasive devices intended to alter biological/chemical composition of tissues/cells for implantation or administration are class III… In vitro devices contacting human cells/tissues are class IV. 
    中文:
    用于改变组织/细胞生物或化学成分以用于植入或给药的非侵入性器械归入高风险 III 类;直接接触人体细胞/组织并用于体外试验的归入最高风险 IV 类。 


    Regra 4

    原文:
    Non-invasive devices contacting injured skin/mucosa are: class I for mechanical barrier/compression, class III for deep wound healing, class II for microenvironment control, class II otherwise. 
    中文:
    所有接触损伤皮肤或黏膜的非侵入性器械按用途分:

    • I 类(机械屏障/压迫),
    • III 类(对破皮/深层黏膜伤口主要用途),
    • II 类(控制损伤微环境),
    • 其他情况 II 类。 

    Regra 5

    原文:
    Invasive devices to body orifices (non-surgically) are class I/II/III depending on use duration and connection to active devices. 
    中文:
    适用于体腔的侵入性器械(非手术性),根据使用时长及是否与主动设备连接分别归入 I/II/III 类。 


    Regra 6

    原文:
    Surgically invasive devices for transitional use are class II, with exceptions for heart/CNS contact, ionizing energy, biological/absorbable, or drug-delivery – which may be III/IV. 
    中文:
    用于手术入侵且短暂使用器械一般为中等风险 II 类;但对心脏/中枢系统接触、放射能、吸收性、生物效应或药物输送等特殊用途归入 III/IV 类。 


    Regra 7

    原文:
    Surgically invasive devices for short-term use are class II, with similar exceptions elevating risk to III/IV. 
    中文:
    手术侵入性器械短期使用默认 II 类,但特殊应用会提高至 III/IV 类。 


    Regra 8

    原文:
    Implantable devices and long-term surgically invasive devices are class III except specific conditions (teeth, heart/CNS, biological/absorbable, chemical alteration, drug delivery, active implantables, breast implants, surgical meshes, prostheses). 
    中文:
    所有植入性器械和长期手术侵入性器械默认 III 类;但对牙齿用途、电活性植入、结构材料、生物吸收或药物输送等特殊情况归入 IV 类。 


    Regra 9

    原文:
    Active therapeutic devices supplying/exchanging energy are class II, unless they supply/exchange dangerous energy to human — then class III/IV depending on interaction; includes ionizing radiation and control/monitoring of implantables. 
    中文:
    用于能量传输/交换的主动治疗器械为 II 类;若能以危险方式与人体交换能量或控制/监控植入设备,则归入 III/IV 类。 


    Regra 10

    原文:
    Active diagnosis/monitoring devices are class II, with exceptions for visible spectrum illumination (class I) or vital parameter monitoring/critical diagnosis (class III). Ionizing radiation devices also III. 
    中文:
    主动诊断/监测设备归 II 类;用于可见光仅照明归 I 类;监测生命体征或危及患者安全则 III 类;涉及电离辐射亦为 III 类。 


    Regra 11

    原文:
    Software for therapeutic/diagnostic decisions is class II, unless decisions could lead to death (class IV) or serious deterioration/surgery (class III). Monitoring vital parameters software could be III. Other SaMD is class I. 
    中文:
    用于治疗/诊断决策的软件通常为 II 类;若决策影响可能导致死亡则 IV 类,或导致严重恶化/手术则 III 类。监控生命参数软件可能为 III 类。其他软件为 I 类。 


    Regra 12

    原文:
    Active devices administering/removing pharmaceuticals, body fluids or substances are class II unless potentially dangerous — then class III. 
    中文:
    用于向人体输送/移除药物、体液或其他物质的主动设备通常是 II 类;危险给药模式归为 III 类。 


    Regra 13

    原文:
    All other active medical devices not covered by previous rules are class I. 
    中文:
    未被上述规则涵盖的其他主动医疗设备归入低风险 I 类。 


    Regra 14

    原文:
    Devices including a substance that if used separately may be medicinal (including blood/plasma-derived), with complementary action, are class IV. 
    中文:
    包含可单独视为药物的成分(如血浆衍生物)且具有辅助作用的器械归入最高风险 IV 类。 


    Regra 15

    原文:
    Devices for contraception or prevention of STI are class III, except implantable/long-term invasive — class IV. 
    中文:
    用于避孕或预防性传播疾病的器械为 III 类;若为植入或长期侵入性则 IV 类。 


    Regra 16

    原文:
    Devices to disinfect, clean, wash or moisturize contact lenses are class III. Devices to disinfect/sterilize medical devices class II except washing/disinfecting machines for invasive devices final step — class III. 
    中文:
    用于清洁/消毒/保湿隐形眼镜的设备为 III 类。用于消毒/灭菌医疗器械通常为 II 类;但专用于侵入性器械最终清洗/消毒的设备为 III 类。 


    Regra 17

    原文:
    Devices specifically intended to record diagnostic X-ray images are class II. 
    中文:
    专用于记录 X 射线诊断图像的设备为中等风险 II 类。 


    Regra 18

    原文:
    Devices manufactured using non-viable cells/tissues or derivatives are class IV unless contacting only intact skin. 
    中文:
    由非活细胞/组织或其衍生物制造的器械为 IV 类,除非仅接触完整皮肤。 


    Regra 19

    原文:
    Devices with nanomaterials: class IV if high/medium internal exposure potential; class III if low potential; class II if insignificant. 
    中文:
    含纳米材料的器械按内部暴露潜力分:高/中 IV 类,低 III 类,微不足道 II 类。 


    Regra 20

    原文:
    Invasive devices for administration of pharmaceuticals via inhalation are class II, unless significant impact or life-threatening purpose — class III. 
    中文:
    用于通过吸入途径给药的侵入性器械通常是 II 类;若对药物安全性/有效性有显著影响或用于危及生命情况则 III 类。 


    Regra 21

    原文:
    Devices consisting of substances intended for introduction into the body or applied to skin/orifices are class IV if systemically absorbed, class II if localized to skin/oral/nasal, class III in other cases. 
    中文:
    由物质或组合物组成并可向体内引入或应用于皮肤/体腔的器械:
    – 若系统性吸收或用于胃肠道则 IV 类
    – 仅局部应用于皮肤/口腔/鼻腔则 II 类
    – 其他情况 III 类。 


    Regra 22

    原文:
    Active therapeutic devices with integrated diagnosis function that significantly directs patient management (such as closed circuit systems or external automatic defibrillators) are class IV. 
    中文:
    具有集成诊断功能且显著影响患者管理的主动治疗设备(例如闭环系统或外部自动除颤器)归入最高风险 IV 类。 


    • 规则 1-8 主要针对 非侵入性及侵入性结构
    • 规则 9-13 针对 主动设备及软件
    • 规则 14-22 是 特殊规则(特定用途、纳米材料、植入性设备等)

    巴西 ANVISA 在制定《RDC 751/2022》医疗器械风险分类规则参考了欧美及国际通行的分类系统,特别是与 欧盟 MDR(Medical Device Regulation, EU 2017/745) 的分类规则高度一致。大致相当于欧盟1类是巴西1类,欧盟IIa是巴西2类,欧盟IIb是巴西3类, 欧盟III类是巴西4类,虽然不绝对。

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